High School Graduation Essay

Throughout life people go through so many hardships. Whether it be good or bad there is always something that comes out of the situation. One of the most exciting but yet scariest events would be graduation. So it was the day before graduation and we were having our graduation practice. Standing outside in the line alphabetical order me and classmates talked and waited for practice to start. The sun was beating down, the smell of fresh cut grass filled out our nose. We were all just ready to get it over with. Sitting talking with my classmates discussing our future plans. Debating whether or not we will miss high school, but knowing we will definitely miss each other. So finally it came to practice walking across the stage, so the assistant principle called my name and shook my hand and handed me my mini diploma. Then it finally hit me like a speeding express train, I was about to graduate. May 18th 2012, finally it was here the day of my commencement. I can almost remember that day like it was yesterday, I awoke like on any other school day. That day was crazy, I was running errands and preparing for my graduation and after party. So the time had come for me to put on my blue and gold cap and gown with my gold cords which I had worked so hard for. I had so much sense of pride at the moment all I needed was my diploma in my hand. So the final moment had come and it was time to walk the field. The music stared and we proceeded to walk down the field to our seats. Glancing out at the packed stands I could see my family and friends. While waiting for my name to be called, I reminisced on all the good times I’ve had in high school and all the friendships I’ve made. Finally my row was directed to get up and proceed to the stage and my heart was racing. Thinking it was finally over, no more high school. I hear my name called and I hear all of my family and friends screaming and clapping for me and it made everything I had done to achieve the diploma my principle handed me after shaking my hand. As I was walking back to my seat with my diploma I was envisioning that I had just closed one chapter to my life and I was excited to embark or my next journey. Graduation is an exciting time in a person’s life, especially a high school graduation. When I think of family and friends gathering together to celebrate a joyous occasion, I feel I accomplished my strongest goal. It never occurred to me that graduation would be the end of my youth and the start of adulthood. Graduating from high school was an influential event that gave me a new outlook on life.

How America Has Changed Forever Essay

Americans to this day will never act or feel the same way as they once used to. What we did then and how we did it, we can no longer do now. It has been over twelve years since the United States went through one of the most horrific, terrifying tragedies in all of United States history. As we all know today, on September 11, 2001, Al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four passenger airliners so they could be flown into buildings in suicide attacks. Two of those planes were intentionally crashed into the North and South towers of the World Trade Center complex in New York City. For this reason, there has been an enormous amount of changes in the United States. The three major areas that have changed are the airport security, the government, and the psychological impact. Before the attacks on the World Trade Center, airports security was fairly simple. For instance, passengers only had to show your ID and passengers were allowed to bring sharp objects on board such as: penknives, box cutters, and sharp scissors. Passengers were also allowed to walk through security with their shoes on, a belt on, or even a drink in their hand. Whereas now, we have adopted a new form of security called the Transportation Security Administration. Security now stops you at every checkpoint and you have to show your ID. Also, you cannot carry sharp objects onto the plane. You now have to take off your shoes and belt, and have them ran through a metal detector. Another key point is that passengers are not allowed to have liquids above 3. 4 ounces when going through the checkpoints. Special items such as laptops must be pulled out of the luggage. One of the most noticeable changes is the need to arrive at the airport early. The United Airlines website, for example, suggested airport arrival times include this recommendation for Los Angeles International: â€Å"Customers with checked baggage should arrive 2 hours before flight departure. † Due to the excessive wait at security, an early arrival is necessary. The airport security was not the only factor the United States enhanced, but the government as well also made changes. Due to the attacks, for this reason, the United States adopted the Patriot Act. The purpose of this act is to: deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world, enhance law enforcement investigatory tools, and for other purposes. There were also more than one hundred and thirty pieces of legislation introduced that related to the attacks during the first year. Such as: the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, the Enhanced Border Security, and Visa Entry Reform Act. To be sure to stop another tragedy happening, the government created agencies after the attacks that include the Department of Homeland Security, which consolidated other agencies, including the U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. The last significant change that the United States has faced since the attack is the psychological impact on how we Americans view immigrants. To put it another way, some Americans responded with fear, anger, as well as a growing intolerance for immigrants, especially against those who are or appeared to be from the Middle East. For this reason, many Muslims and Asians in the United States reported that they were the victims of harassment and hate crimes days after the attacks. In fact, some Muslims were shot and killed only because of their race. Not only were people shot, people were also targeting institutions that related with the Islamic faith. Mosques were attacked as well as other religious buildings, including a Hindu temple in St. Louis, Missouri. Anger and fear are not the only psychological consequences that we Americans have faced, but also posttraumatic stress disorder. According to figures from three New York City 9/11 health programs, at least 10,000 police officers, firefighters and civilians directly exposed to the World Trade Center attacks have been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. Twelve years later, we Americans are still impacted from this tragedy. We will always be emotionally distraught, nor we will ever get back the loved ones that have passed away in the tragic incidents. On the positive note, the government passed many regulations to make sure that there will never be a 9/11 repeat.

What Is Idiom?

What is idiom? According to Oxford Dictionary idiom can be defined as â€Å"group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words†. In another word, the meaning of idioms cannot be figured out from its shown words. Each language has its own idioms that used in every day speeches and conversations. Al-Shawi & Mahadi describe idioms as â€Å"idiomatic expressions are colorful, dramatic, lively, closer to the way people really feel and near to the local culture†. Although idioms give color to conversations, they consider a serious problem to students in translation. Translation defined as â€Å"the process of translating words or text from one language into another† (en.oxforddictionaries.com, n.d). Many Saudi students encounter difficulty while translating idioms from Arabic into English language. These difficulties occur because of different reasons. The aim of this study is to identify the difficulties that faced by students and to know the reasons for these problems. Also, this study provides strategies that may help students in translating idioms from Arabic into English.Statement of the ProblemMany Saudi junior level students at Yanbu University College face problem in translating idioms from Arabic into English language. These problems occur because of various reasons. The differences between source language and target language, the lack of knowledge of the TL, the absence of equivalents of the idiom in the TL, and the lack of knowledge of translation strategies. This problem affects students' efficiency in translation. Purpose of the StudyThe purpose of this study is to identify the difficulties that faced by Saudi students in translating idiom from Arabic into English language, to find the reasons behind these difficulties and to suggest some strategies that may help students to avoid these problems in translating. Research QuestionThis research answers the following questions: What are the difficulties faced by Saudi junior level students in translating idioms from Arabic into English? Why are students making these kinds of problems? MethodologyThe participants of this study will be Applied Linguistics junior year students from Yanbu University College. Participants will be given a translation test that includes ten Arabic idioms and they will be asked to translate them into English language. Then researcher will take the responses and analyze them individually. Then the research will present the responses in a table. Literature ReviewThis chapter presents a definition of the key concepts. Also, the chapter presents the previous studies.Definition of Key ConceptsIdiom. An expression with a meaning that you cannot guess from the meaning of the separate words. Translation. The process of translating words or text from one language into anotherPrevious Studies The first study was conducted by Alrishan and Samdi (2015), about the difficulties that face EFL Jordanian University students in translating English idioms into Arabic language. The research was a qualitative research. The researchers used a translation test to collect the data. The participants of the study were 90 M.A translation students at Yarmouk University and the University of Jordan. The participants had given a translation test that included 16 idioms from different semantic categories. They were asked to translate them into Arabic language. The results showed that the students have a problem in translating idioms from English into the Arabic language where students could not find the correct equivalent in Arabic, also students were unfamiliar with translating idioms. Second study was written by Al Mubarak (2017). It was about the barriers that faced by students while translating idiom from Arabic into English language. The participants of the study were 40 B.A students in Al Imam Al Mahdi University in Sudan. The participants' first language is Arabic and they are an advanced level in English language. The study was qualitative and quantitative research. The tools that used in the study were a translation test that included 12 Arabic proverbs and an interview. The findings showed that most students faced trouble in translating idioms and that based on some reasons, such as the differences between Arabic and English system and students do not know how to use literal translation approach. Third study was done by Mezmar (2010), about the problems of idioms in translation. This study was conducted at Mentouri University, Constantine. The participants of the study were 21 first year Master degree students at Mentouri University. The participants' mother tongue language is Arabic and they are an advanced level in English. This study was quantitative study and the tool that used in the study was a test included twelve idioms in English and ten in Arabic language. The researcher chose the idioms depending on the four categories of idioms, transparent, semi-transparent, opaque and semi-opaque. The participants of the study were asked to translate the idioms into Arabic and English language. The results showed that the students did well in translating transparent and semi-transparent idioms. However, they faced trouble in translating opaque and semi-opaque idioms.The differences between this study and the studies above. Fist, all the studies above have been done outside Saudi Arabia, in Jourdan, Sudan, and Constantine. However, this study conducted in Yanbu, Saudi Arabia. Secondly, two of the previous studies involved participants from Master degree where this study involved participants from Bachelor degree. The participants of the studies above were an advanced level in English, but in this study, they were in an intermediate level. The similarities between this study and the previous studies that all of them investigated the problem faced by students in translating idiom, either in Arabic, English or both. Also, the tool used to collect data was a translation test and the participants were asked to translate them. ReferencesAl Mubarak, A. A. (2017). The Challenges of Translating Idioms from Arabic into English a Closer look at Al Imam AL Mahdi University–Sudan.  International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies,  5(1), 53-64.Retrieved from http://www.journals.aiac.org.au/index.php/IJCLTS/article/view/3167/2625Alrishan, A., ; Smadi, O. (2015).Difficulties EFL Jordanian University Students Encounter in Translating English Idioms into Arabic.  Journal of Education and Practice,  6(10), 124-133. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1081685.pdf Al-Shawi, M. A. ; Mahdi, T.S. (2012).Strategies for translating idioms from Arabic into English and vice versa.Journal of American Arabic Academy for Sciences and Technology, 3(6), 139-147. Retrieved from HYPERLINK â€Å"LING324_Assignment_3-172.docx† http://www.amarabacmagazin.com/fileadmin/images/pdfs/AMARABAC_3-6_139-147.pdf Idiom. (n.d).In Oxford Dictionary. Retrieved from https://en.oxforddictio naries.com/ definition/idiom Translating. (n.d). In Oxford Dictionary.Retrieved from https://en.oxforddictionaries .com/definition/translation Meryem, M. (2010). Problem of Idioms in Translation. Case Study: First Year Master. Retrieved from https://goo.gl/PyRcDp

Political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Political science - Essay Example The US has no official position regarding the islands but they are included in the US and Japan’s Treaty of Mutual Security and Cooperation, which ensures that any attack on the island would require the USD to aid Japan. The Government of Japan bought three of the remaining disputed islands from private ownership, triggering a wave of anti-Japan protests in China (Lohmeyer, 2008). In this case, the ESCAP and the ARF should be involved in trying to resolve the issue, even though the conflict has not degenerated into war because the liberal international theory seems to relate best to the situation. What regional and international organizations would or should have involvement? Why? ESCAP, the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the pacific is the UN’s regional arm for the Pacific and Asian region. Its establishment was meant to encourage its member states, of which China and Japan are part of, to cooperate economically (Niksch, 2010). Because China and Japan are major trading partners, keeping the peace between them and attempting to resolve the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands dispute can be carried out through the international body under the auspice of its mother organization, the UN. As well as Asian and Pacific countries, it also includes countries like the US, the UK, the Netherlands, and France, which are all trading partners with both Japan and China. Because of this, they could apply economic pressure through the organization to broker a resolution. In addition, the identification by ESCAP of potential gas and oil deposits near the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands puts it in a vantage position in brokering any lasting resolution to the conflict, especially since one of the reasons the islands is under dispute stems from these fossil fuel deposits. They did attempt to mediate rounds of bilateral talks aimed at developing the resources jointly in these disputed territory, although they proved unsuccessful (Niksch, 2010). However, the fact that they were able to get the two countries on the negotiating table indicates their influence in both countries. They also managed to agree to a hotline between the two countries to diffuse any accidental situation, although, this has not also been implemented. The ARF, or the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Regional Forum, is a regional body that could also mediate in the conflict. The US also possesses membership to this organization and participates actively in maritime security cooperation. The US, which has trading relations with both China and Japan, has the ability to mediate in the conflict, which possesses maritime dimensions (Niksch, 2010). The organization also seeks to strengthen earlier efforts aimed at key elements of countering and preventing maritime conflicts and terrorism in the region. Subsequent events, which have been hosted by Japan at one time, also focus on expansion of capacity building cooperation for maritime security (Niksch, 2010). Foreign ministers from the ARF adopted, in 2005, a statement that aimed at sharing of information and exchange of intelligence in the enhancement of cooperation in combating transnational crimes in the region. The provocative actions by China in locking missile guiding systems on Japanese aircraft and vessels should be discussed under this agreement. How does this dispute

Contemporary leadership issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Contemporary leadership issues - Assignment Example The third issue is difference between what science knows and what business does, in which he concludes that organizations make decisions that are based on assumptions that are outdate, unexamined, and rooted more in folklore that in science (Pink). A fourth issue is brought out by another speaker, Sir Ken Robinson. The issue is that schools are killing creativity by stigmatizing mistakes, which learners have to make in order to be ultimately accomplished. The fifth issue is schools train people to be what they want them to be, as opposed allowing them to learn to become what they wish to become, which kills they creative capacity (Robinson). Sixthly, modern education systems brought to meet the needs of industrialism, have brought academic inflation – better leadership through education should be focused on the diversity of talent. Seventh is that modern leadership does not appreciate the dynamism of intelligence. The eighth, coming from Simon Sinek, is outside-in organizational communication (guided by â€Å"what†), as opposed to inside-out communication (guided by â€Å"why† or purpose) (Sinek). Pursue the purpose, not the result. The ninth point is about hiring people who believe in the same thing as the organization, not because they need money. Finally, it is the understanding that driving potential is more important financial

Reaction paper combining two related internet stories Essay

Reaction paper combining two related internet stories - Essay Example Apparently, some truths just come out after mankind has suffered from so much pain. While the crimes of the Holocaust did create emotional scars on the survivors and taught the world an important lesson about racism, it is also important to investigate what triggered such horrible event. The Jewish Declaration of War on Germany in 1933 is a crucial event in history because we all know that wars don’t just happen overnight. Before war happens, certain circumstances happen on the background that creates much tension. First, the move of Jews on the United States that called for a boycott of German goods was politically motivated, a propaganda to make Jews return to their land by creating fear. Second, even the Jewish Central Association located in Germany disproved the propaganda that they were maltreated by the Germans. Lastly, Germany was financially weak at the time due to a hyperinflation; hence, war would be the last thing they would eventually call for. Sometimes, a nation takes actions with grave consequences when they are pushed to the wall. Indeed, there was not much choice given to the Germans whose acts of defense escalated into a full-blown genocide. However, who can really attest to the truth when both sides have their own interests? The other reading that really struck me was Benjamin Freedman’s speech about the role of Jews in WWI and WWII.

Emily Dickinson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Emily Dickinson - Essay Example This piece is fundamentally significant and is named first as it is written in such a way that it capably yet briefly discusses virtually any and all things relevant to life on this earth. The very first line ushers the reader into an immediate mixture of nouns representing it seems, everything taking place in the world all at once, â€Å"Forms, qualities, lives, humanity, language, thoughts†(Whitman, 1). Discussing this poem first lays the groundwork for the integration of 11 other poems which utilize imagery and monologue within the same or similar context. The next poem chosen to compose this project is titled Adam Means Earth by Samuel Menashe. This poem discusses the name ’Adam’ which is given to the biblical character introduced in Genesis, who essentially is the origin of mankind. By returning to the very beginning of time based on biblical lure, the poet manages to devise a foundation which encompasses all things as he alludes to the fact that the very name ’Adam’ translates to earth. The vivid contrast of earth, or the physical sum of all things, against the backdrop of a disembodied name which is far removed from tangibility, allows the reader to derive an essential meaning based on physical existence and spirituality on a fundamental level. The poet is able however, to remove the ideology of religion and still utilize biblical reference and imagery. He uses it to his advantage and it works well. Continuing with the theme of an elemental approach routed in earthy language, the poem entitled A Chagall Postcard written by Peter Porter, begins with a personification of the ’night’ drawing a similar connection between the physical and the intangible or disembodied idea of something such as the case with Menashe’s ’Adam’ compared to earth itself and Whitman’s first line coupling of pieces of life as we know them and tangible existence. Porter begins the piece with â€Å"The

Change Management Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Change Management Methods - Essay Example When an organization changes its overall strategy for success, adds or removes a major portion of its management or changes its management practice, the effect can be felt. It also occurs when an organization evolves through various life cycles, just like people must successfully evolve through various life cycles. â€Å"For organizations to develop, they often must undergo significant change at various points in their development. That's why the topic of organizational change and development has become widespread in communications about business, organizations, leadership, and management†.There are different types of organizational change, including planned and unplanned. Change management involves a considerable amount of planning and requires insightful implementation. And above all, the people who are affected by the change must be consulted and involved in the entire process. If you want to enforce a change one can usually find a lot of people related problems arising out of it. One must remember that the change must be achievable, measurable and realistic. Organization-wide change in corporations should involve the Board of Directors. Whether the members are closely involved in the process of change or not; they should at least be aware of the change project and monitor if the results are being achieved.Changes in management can be divided into two categories. One is based on individual change while the other is based on the organization. There a re few principles of change management.

Lay investiture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lay investiture - Research Paper Example Kings had taken some duties and trappings entitled to priests while some priests and bishops governed as feudal lords. The church lacked the governing power because the pope did not have coercive power to implement ecclesiastical policies. As such, it was necessary to employ the secular arm that was willing to implement the will of papacy. The monarchies saw the new action of papacy as usurping their power and as a result, conflicts emerged (De-La-Noy 1993, 72). During the time when Norman rule was established in England, there was a great need for change in the relationship between secular and church authorities. Gregorian reforms, which favored a central authority of Rome when dealing with local churches in Europe, were not fully accepted by Western Europe’s kings and monarchies. There was an increase in the effectiveness and scale of papal influence in local churches. At the same time, the powerful government established by Norman monarchy in England often opposed the influ ence and intervention of the pope in the affairs of local churches. As such, papal intervention and interference by the monarchy in the affairs of local churches led to investiture conflicts. ... After the death of William in 1100, Anselm returned to England after being invited by a newly installed King Henry 1. Anselm supported Henry’s rise to the throne against a protracted conflict with his brother, Robert. However, due to respect for papal decree, Anselm declined to support Henry’s demand to honor him and obey his commands. In addition, Anselm rejected to consecrate bishops that the king wanted. Henry did not want to quarrel with him while at the same time, he did not want to compromise the monarchy’s rights to homage and investiture (De-La-Noy 1993, 74). Despite mutual respect between Henry and Anselm, there was a direct conflict between them. Henry, who was not as violent as his predecessor Rufus, was resolute. He summoned Anselm and insisted that he pay homage by consecrating the bishop and priests that he had proposed, or he would leave the country. Anselm did not take any of the two options offered by Henry because he had deep conviction that he had to respect the pope, and it was his personal decision to either accept or decline the king’s demands. The conflict compelled the two to send emissaries to Rome in order to negotiate ways of solving their conflict. Pope Pascal II answered back by praising the king’s faithfulness on the matter but maintained his predecessor’s stand that forbade investiture and homage (Wilhelm 1990, 44). After a series of negotiations conducted by the king’s emissaries and the pope, there was some compromise in which Henry was allowed to invest in some bishop, but the 1102 letter by Pope Paschal II did not touch on homage but criticized investiture fervently. The Roman Council, which was attended by

Historical Development of Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Historical Development of Policing - Essay Example When the first Europeans arrived in this Promised Land, they found themselves face to face with a place that was not only richly abundant and magnanimously bountiful in terms of resources and opportunities but also replete with inhabitants and natural agencies that were not friendly towards their presence. Hence, early policing in the United States of America was a collective initiative, where every able-bodied person, be it the young or the adults, who could wield a weapon was expected to protect and defend the early communities. The early American immigrants did everything that they could to protect themselves and their families and neighbors. During the colonial times, America adapted to the English style watch system. This adopted watch system became more organized and professional with the passage of time. Shire-reeves soon evolved into sheriffs (Lecture, 2012). The towns were protected by constables who were responsible for organizing and managing an assortment of watchmen (Lec ture, 2012). The watchmen further strengthened the system by recruiting volunteers from the local citizenry. The mayors depended a lot on marshals or constables for managing the local law and order issues and challenges. However, it does need to be mentioned that in the meantime the English were abandoning their watch systems to opt for more professional and specialized means of policing. The night watch system started in Boston in 1631, comprising some constables, night watchmen and citizen volunteers, which was perhaps the first organized policing system in the USA (Lecture, 2012). The 19th century ushered in widespread social and economic changes in the United States. Industrial unrest and riots started to become a common feature all across the United States. During these times the policing system in the cities was under the local municipalities. The city administrators tried to respond to this industrial unrest through the already existing night watch machinery (Gaines & Miller, 2010). However, they soon realized that the old night watch system was inadequate to deal with these emerging social realities. Beginning with New York, very soon many of the American cities started to opt for paid full-time police personnel that were uniformed and armed with weapons and the requisite authority to manage the novel law and order challenges (Gaines & Miller, 2010). This era also saw the emergence of state and federal police agencies (Gaines & Miller, 2010). During the initial decades of the 20th century, the policing system in America evinced a marked shift in the sense that policing began to be perceived as a vocation that required as much of brain and psychological understanding as arms and authority. In that sense it certainly was a progressive era in the American policing. This led to policing becoming more organized and focused, dealing primarily with the law and order issues, instead of a plethora of general civic problems (Gaines & Miller, 2010). The citizenry pushed the political class to make the police force more professional by making laws aimed at discouraging corruption and nepotism in the police system. The twentieth century also witnessed the emergence of police unions dedicated to highlight the rights and privileges requisite to the police force (Gaines & Miller, 2010). The mid-20th century was marked by economic slowdown and large-scale unemployment leading to the

Ethical issue and its relationship to the ethical and legal aspects of Article

Ethical issue and its relationship to the ethical and legal aspects of nursing or other health care professions - Article Example The practitioners are required to identify the legal, ethical and professional values and determine how they can be applied to enhance quality practice in the health care profession (Gillogly & Molly, 2004). According to the nursing ethics, the practitioners in the health care sector are required to demonstrate expertise however they may not be certain about their responsibilities and accountabilities in relation to the legal and ethical issues (Debra , 2009). The main responsibilities entailed in the nursing profession include autonomy, decision making, accountability and great leadership. Ion The decision making process mostly involves the qualified practitioners as they are called upon to apply their expertise skills in developing the guidelines, policies and procedures governing the practice (Tingle & Cribb, 2002). Similarly, the qualified practitioners are involved in research and learning so as to apply their expertise, ethical aspects and the policies to give advice on the rel ated area. Therefore, the nurses and all the practitioners in the healthcare profession are required to be aware of all the guidelines and policies related to the practice as well as understand the requirements of ethical decision making (Heaton, 2008). Nurses and other practitioners in the healthcare sector face various ethical and legal issues in their career as they should combine both the legal and ethical aspects of health care to enhance professionalism in the practice. It is very important for the nurses to understand the difference between ethics and law. The laws are the rules and regulations governing the practice while ethics are meant to ensure appropriate values as well as monitor the actions of the peoples. One of the issues the nurses may face in their profession is where they are faced in acts that are ethical according to the practice but are not legal according to the laws (Tingle & Cribb, 2002). For example the nurses are required to allow cancer patients to smoke marijuana for medicinal purposes which are an appropriate measure according to the nursing practice ethical but illegal according to the governing laws. The nursing ethics could also allow the nurse to conduct an aborting in extreme cases so as to save the life of the mother whereas abortion is illegal according to the governing legal structure. Similarly the nurses and other practitioners could also be faced by situations where the practice is neither legal nor ethical but it has to be carried out (Tingle & Cribb, 2002). The issues faced by nurses in their practice are rapidly increasing and the resolution of the issues need careful research and assessment of all the causes and facts related to the cases. To resolve the issue faced in the nursing practice, most institutions implement ethics committees made of professional from all the related areas such as the healthcare professionals, lawyers, ethicists and the clergy among others (Sandra, 2008). This committees are assigned the task of assisting in the decision making process where they resolve the ethical issues faced by the practitioners using the developed guidelines and policies. The nurses are also required cooperate with the other professional in the healthcare sector to educate the public on the on the importance and ways to meet the health requirements so as to enhance ethical practices in the profession

Manifestation of human culture Essay Example for Free

Manifestation of human culture Essay This statement provides for us the conjoining philosophy of Joseph Gobineau and Adolf Hitler. These men firmly believed that anything that was wrong with the world in general, and their societies or governments in particular could be traced directly to the infusion of other race types with the Aryan race. In his book, The Inequality of Human Races, Gobineau sets out in the fourth chapter to show that the degeneration of the blood or race of a group of people who found a government or society is the reason why that government or society will fail. He does not fully reject the philosophy of his ancestors that certain things like lawlessness and irreligion play a part in the fall of the society, but he teaches that the greater issue is the degenerative effects that intermingling of race types has on the main societal people.

Employee Turnover: Issues In Human Resources

Employee Turnover: Issues In Human Resources INTRODUCTION There has been a clear shift from the manufacturing to knowledge based industries in the last few decades across the world. Employee turnover has been one of the most broadly studied areas of interest due to its significance to labour in the knowledge based industries. Employee turnover is being treated as a critical issue in Human Resource perspective, as it can hurt the overall productivity and subsequently organisational success. A key problem for service based organisations has been attracting and retaining the high quality employees (Heskett at al, 2008). According to Hokey Min, (2007) employee turnover can generally be analyzed in the terms of demographic variables (for eg. gender, age, educational level), occupational variables (for eg. Skill level, experience, tenure, status), organisational variables (for eg. Firm size, industry, job contents, working environments) and individual variables (for eg. Pay scale, reward, advancement opportunity, job security, job involvement). D ifferent employees will have different variables affecting their jobs and these variable factors change overtime. And in some organisations employee turnover depends on persons suitability, like Autry and Daugherty (2003) as cited by Hokey Min (2007) suggested that person-organisation fit could significantly affect employee turnover, because employees whose expectations about their company and supervisor characteristics are unmet are more likely to live their companies. The recruitment of the talented and trained staff is the outmost importance today. However an important aspect is even more critical needed to be looked is the retention strategy for the current employees. If the organisation is not able to retain the trained staffs then there no means of recruiting the new staffs and training them. In this literature the researcher elaborates different theories and journals on voluntary employee turnover. According to CIPD (2000) as cited by Michael Armstrong (2003) Turnover may be a function of negative, low job satisfaction, combined with an ability to secure employment elsewhere, i.e. the state of the labour market. In other way, turnover is a normal part of organisational functioning, and while exceeding high turnover may be dysfunctional a certain level of turnover is to be expected and can be beneficial to an organization. A report from the Human Resource Benchmark Group cited in IRS, (2002a) as cited by Ian et al, (2004:167) has listed the top five factors affecting an employees decision to stay or leave an organisation as: The quality of the relationship with their supervisor or manager; An ability to balance work and home life; The amount of meaningful work they do-giving a feeling of making a difference; The level of co-operation with co-employee; The level of trust in the workplace. The existing literature review explores the employee turnover with a discussion of relevant theories, empirical study factors and the variable in this study, including intent of employees leaving, job satisfaction, organisational commitment and different reasons or factors effecting employees in turnover. The above literature was studied to know or understand the overall factors affecting employee turnover. In some cases it is reported that as much as 60 percent of all Call centres employees leave their jobs within one year of employment, costing thousands of dollars for replacing those departed employees Gooley (2001); Autry and Daugherty (2003) as cited by Hokey Min (2007). In contrast to the rich literature about employee turnover issues, research dealing with Dell employee turnover. The researcher is trying to obtain what key variable factors could affect in Dell employee turnover. TURNOVER AND ITS AFFECTS Turnover is defined by Price (1997.P15) as cited by Catherine(2002), the ratio of the number of organizational member who have left during the period being considered divided by the average number of people in that organization during the period. High turnover can be seen as synonymous with the employees of the specific company or occupational sector having a short organizational tenure when comparing to the other companies. If the organization cannot retain the employees then it will be more expensive for any organization, hence in understanding the causes behind the turnover has a significant importance in the saving and in the organizational success (Buck and Watson 2002).in a competitive business world the different wing of the organization adds competitive advantage hence the retention strategy for the companys human resource is of extreme important in gaining competitive advantage over the rivals (Pfeffer 2005). The resignation of the highly trained knowledge workers poses addi tional threat to the employees due to the fact that they often substantial knowledge in their fields creating a risk for loss of intellectual property (Lee and Maurer 1997). Shaw and Gupta(1998) has discussed the importance of differentiating the voluntary turnover and the non-voluntary turnover, in the later one the employee has no choice. Buck and Watson (2002) concluded that the main researches were done on the basis of finding the causes of employee decisions on turnover. The voluntary turnover is avoidable and controllable through different strategies putting together thus the organization can pay more attention in their regular operations thus gaining the competitive advantage. According to Griffeth (2000) one of the method of measuring the turnover risk to the organization is to measure the employees turnover intentions because it is most frequently recognized predictors of employee turnover. While many model on the turnover research predicts the intention as the direct antecedent of the turnover but there may still reason to find on the construct. Campbell and Allen (2007) said it is absurd to focus entirely on the predictors of turnover as it is not comparable to focusing on the actual turnover behavior, a casual relationships may exist directly between the other antecedents and turnover. It is found in their research is that the turnover behavior is directly related to the several aspects, Supporting their argument that it may be important to include not only the measure of turnover intention but also the actual turnover behaviors. Steers and Mowday(1981) suggested a model of the processes leading to the voluntary turnover that although somewhat dated make an excellent conceptualization. This model pertains the turnover is a sequential process consisting of three steps. This model suggests that employees follow a method for the turnover. According to this model the initial expectation of the job creates a employee attitude regarding their job. These job attitude influences many dimensions of employee perception and behaviors, including job performance and views of the company. The poor performance attitude of the employees can also trigger the intention to leave, which in turn influences the turnover at least two ways. It may lead to actual turnover decision without any looking after any job alternatives, or it may lead to employees searching for the alternative employment. It is found that if the employees are considering few alternative then the employee is less likely to quit the organization. Conversely if the employees are able to quit the job through finding alternative ways then the probability of turnover is remarkably increased.(Steers and ,Mowday 1981). Age and Turnover As this research is pertaining to the turnover in among this BPO industry, the demographic factors such as age and sex have extreme importance. In the field of the turnover research the age and the organizational tenure are widely used as predictors of the turnover (Van Breuklen, et al 2004). A number of research shows that these demographic variables are negatively correlated with the voluntary turnover. This shows older employees are less tempted to voluntary turnover than the young employees and employees with long employment history is less likely to turnover than the employees with relatively short period of employment service(Sturges and Guest 2001). They have also mentioned that the first year of the employment is crucial than the other and if the employer is able to retain their recruits for any substantial length of time. This shows the importance of the satisfaction of the employees in the first year in the work related aspects. When discussing the behavior and turnover intentions of the young employees, It must be also consider that the young professional may be subjected to a rather atypical occupational status and they might be in a unique situation as they do not want to follow the same path of the other employee groups (Rouse 2001).According to Niederman (2007) the information technology related professional often use internet as a tool for seeking opportunities with a minimum effort and the employees try to keep in touch with the potential employers resulting an efficient way of job search with minimal effort and time. Niederman also mentioned that if the response rate from the employers is high then the turnover rate will also be high. Niederman concludes that Theoretically, this implies that a significant number of these [turnover] decisions are likely to involve some consideration of alternatives even without dissatisfaction. Thus, we propose that satisfied IT related professionalsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ regularly scan the labor market for even better jobs in terms of career opportunities, compensation, and other attributes. Then, when such jobs are found or otherwise present themselves, many professionals will often compare and accept the new job if it is judged better. (p. 336). Author Coff.( 1997) as cited by David A Foote (2004) examines employees job perceptions with regard to capacity of changing or leaving jobs and focuses on the assimilation and management of human assets. Suppose in order to reduce turnover firms must either increase employees positive perceptions of their current jobs or decrease their positive perceptions of alternative jobs.Steer Modway (1981) as cited by Robert et al, (2005) suggest that lower performing employees have an increased interest in voluntarily leaving an organisation, since they gain little job satisfaction from operating within their work environment. According to Sager et al, (1998),Fox Fallon,(2003) as cited by Everd et al,( 2007) turnover is seen as a mental division intervening between an individuals attitude regarding a job and the stay or leave division and that can be regarded as an immediate antecedent to stay, or leave INFLUENTIAL FACTORS It is to be noted that what can be done on retaining the employees in the long run of the organization. To answer this question it should be taken in to consideration those different domains of the influential factors in their choice between staying with the organization and leaving the organization. High turnover rate can be seen as the employees been dissatisfied or job related issues mainly due to the problems in the organizational side or employer side. Many research have been done to identify the factors influencing these perceptions and within these researches it has been found that the reasons are multidimensional, and it is difficult to explain the turnover with one factor. The following section presents the different factors of the employee turnover. Job satisfaction: There are many factors of that come out of the employee turnover research, and the most important one standing in top of the priority is the employee satisfaction. However this accounting for the factors creating this satisfaction is not entirely unproblematic. Job satisfaction is account to be one of the most important variable to be looked when measuring the employee turnover. Nonetheless, it is important to explicitly define the term. Oshagbemi(1999) defined the term job satisfaction as follows In generalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, job satisfaction refers to an individuals positive emotional reactions to a particular job. It is an affective reaction to a job that results from the persons comparison of actual outcomes with those that are desired, anticipated or deserved. (p. 388) The job satisfaction has been analyzed in many perspectives in this literature. Job satisfaction is the often regarded as the attitudinal outcome of the numerous antecedents. To reflect the term several constructs have been analyzed. It is found that the group culture of the organization is largely depend on the job satisfaction (Moynihan and Pandey, 2007). According to Ting (1997) the relationship between the group members and supervisors are positively correlated with the job satisfaction. Kim (2002) showed that a positive relationship between the participatory management style and job satisfaction exists among the employees. According to Ellickson (2002), the evidence for the notion that departmental pride significantly and positively predicts job satisfaction, while Steijn (2004) in turn found that the organizational climate was important for predicting job satisfaction. Whether or not employees perceive that what they are doing is worthwhile, sometimes dubbed as their sense of o rganizational purpose, was recognized by Moynihan and Pandey (2007) as important for job satisfaction. On a closely related note, employee feelings of role or task clarity, generated by their organization making it clear to them what they are expected to do, is suggested to be linked to both employee job satisfactions. Whether or not the employees feel what they are doing is worthwhile is recognized by Pandey and Moynihan as important for creating the job satisfaction. On a close analysis of the employees perception of the organizational clarity of the message to be done by them is more closely related to the employee turnover and satisfaction (Allen 2006;Kowtha 2008). Hedlund (2004) mentioned that employees find the other job attractive if they able to distinguish their performance and the results out of it. According to Mynard (2006), the employees view of underutilization of their skills are negatively correlated with job satisfaction and positively correlate to the turnover intentions. Heduland (2004) found relation between the possibility of the mentally stimulating jobs appear to be important for the employee perception of their jobs. According to March Simon (1958) the exposure of employees to alternative employers affects the ease of movement. Employees present in different networking acti vities have an increased visibility and evidence have been found that these employees with larger external connections had a shorter duration of group membership. When involved in networking activities, one becomes more aware of work alternatives and working conditions in other organizations. Employees with wider contact networks are then more likely to evaluate external alternatives, and potentially leave the company. (Allen Griffeth, 1999). As said before the demographic variable such as age and the employment period have been the subject of the many researches and Ting (1997) found a positive relationship between the age and the job satisfaction. A research conducted by Ting(1997) suggests that there is a generation gap between the old employees and the young ones. The old employees seem to be more committed towards their jobs and they seem likely to be satisfied with their work (Moynihan and Pandey 2007). Hence the length of the employment is similar to the age in finding the job can correlate with job satisfaction (Kim 2002). A large number of researches on the occupational and organizational research has shown that the relationship between the job satisfaction and the employee turnover and intentions. Hom and Kinicki(2001) has investigated the field of employee job dissatisfaction, they come across a casual sequence in which the dissatisfaction start to cause turnover through a set of mediating factors such as turnover cognitions. A notable relationship has been found between the job satisfaction in mediating the relationship between perceived organizational support and turnover (Allen 2007). Organizational commitment: Organisational commitment plays an important role in the mindset of the employees when it comes to turnover decision. Committed employees usually have good attendance history and stay with the company in the long run as compared with the non-committed employees (Kline Peters 1991; Mowday et al. 1982; Somers 1995). There are lot more construct to the organizational commitment, the construction of the organizational commitment is evolved from the job related behavior like absenteeism, voluntary employee turnover, job satisfaction, job involvement, performance and supervisor behavior (Finegan 2000). One of the important way to build the organizational commitment is to implement a suitable organizational culture giving values and everybody in the organization is informed with organizational mission. According to Arthur (1994) there should be a strong human resource policies to build the organizational commitment instead of controlling the voluntary turnover and high productivity. These high HR management practices are distributed among the employees and portrayed by the use of information distribution. Problem solving , reduces status difference, training and development of the employees as valuable resource rather than treating them like a disposable factor of production(Wood and de Menezes 1998). The Human resource and management of the organization must try to recruit the employees with more commitment, for this the recruitment officer should concentrate in identifying the commitment factors. It is not possible to measure commitment in each of the employees but it is possible to measure and analyze the organizational commitment of the employees as a whole. The expected outcome of the employee training is the low voluntary turnover and high productivity. Greenhalgh and Mavrots mentioned that it is difficult to measure the return on investment on the human capital as the retention and period of retention but there is evidence of an inverse relationship between la bour turnover and extent of Human resource department. There are three factors of organizational commitment such as 1) Affective, 2) Continuance, 3) Normative. Meyer and Allen (1991) Affective: Affective commitment explains employee emotional attachment and identification with and involvement in the organization. In this type of commitment employees really want to stay with existing employer. Continuance: Continuance commitment refers to employee awareness regarding cost attached with leaving the organization. People dont willing to resignation because they need to stay due to certain reasons. Normative: This commitment shows a feeling of obligation to continue working in the same organization. People stay in this case because they feel that they have to stay. Above all affective commitment has mostly studied and thorough researched topic due to consistent relationship with organizational outcomes like performance, attendance and employee retention (Meyer and Allen 1997). Few studies on turnover have advocated the need to consider both individual and organisational factors in making predictions about employee attitudes and related behaviour, Porter, L.W.Steeds (1973) as cited by Rachid (1994) from the above statement it can be assumed that most of the employee turnover decisions are made basing on the individual factors and further more research by Barbara et al.,(2005) states that factors influence employee turnover by numerous internal factors and also by external factors. Overall if you see both organisations and the labour market change continue at an alarming pace. As far as the external factors are concerned, most people will leave their present work if they perceive that there are ample opportunities for acceptable alternative employers. And if we take internal factors it could be job security, independence: to do things in employees own way, unpleasant working conditions etc. Some past studies have postulated and identified different variables as being associated with turnover, satisfaction, commitment and intention to quit, have generally been accepted as important antecedents to turnover. Actual turnover is expected to increase as the intention increases and career factors are not related to turnover when turnover intention is held constant Mobley et al, (1978) as cited by Barbara et al. (2005). Turnover Birgit et al. (2007) intention can also be seen as a positive phenomenon from the employee point of view. In addition to reasons such as having received a better job offer with respect to material (for eg. benefits). Turnover intension can be a response to the need to adopt to the changing labour market, which requires more and more flexibility on the employers part Hall (1996); Van Dam (2003). As cited by Birgit et al (2007). In some cases turnover is caused basing on works repeatedness like Guests, R.H.(1955) as cited by Rachid (1994) early comparative study of assembly and non-assembly workers to reaction to the jobs suggests that the greater job-repetitiveness led to increased turnover. And for instance Guests study appears that potential moderating have been ignored which affects that personality variables may have no such impact. Work Environment / Supervisor Behavior Working condition has an important role in the job satisfaction and organizational commitment among the employees. The work environment includes the all the facilities and features for employees (Dawson 1986). Supervisor behavior and related views of the employees have a direct impact on the employee turnover regardless of the views on the management and attitude itself, emphasizing the importance of relationship with their supervisors or leaders.(Maertz at al 2007). However the influence of the of the supervisors communication are not limited to a specific supervisor. But it can be taken in other way as well, since supervisors are often seen by the employees as representatives of the organization and their behaviors can influence the employees perception of the organization as a whole.(Van Vuuren et al 2007). Employees normally keeps a common beliefs about to what extent the organization values their contributions and cares about their well being. These believes of the employees are commonly referred as the employees perceived organizational support (Hutchison and Sowa 1986). The organizational support theory states that the relationship between the employees and the organization can be made firm through exchange of some positive outcomes. This means if an employee is receiving favorable treatment from the organization then the individual is committed to return this by avoiding behaviors that would harm the organization. This can be viewed as an employee with high level of perceived organizational support will view the things that are harmful to the organization as a violation to the relationship with the organization. Such employees will try to remain in their work and perform their responsibilities as an obligatory way (Eisenberger at al 1986). Eisenberger (1986) found an inverse correlation between perceived organizational support and voluntary withdrawal signs such as absenteeism and tardiness. A recent study conducted by him concluded that When individuals feels that their organization cares about their well-being and values their contributions, they are less likely to remain from their usual work obligations, even when such behaviors are encouraged through the high levels of withdrawal displayed by coworkers (Eder Eisenberger). Employees perceptions of support from the organization are vital not only for inducing or reducing general withdrawal behavior, but also with regards to turnover. Lots of recent studies have found significant relationships between perception of the organizational support and turnover intentions (Allen et al., 2003) or actual turnover ( Eisenberger, et al., 2007). These findings reveal that Perceived organizational support may have a more broad effect on turnover than historically in the past tho ught, as highlighted by Maertz Jr. et al. (2007) who pointed out that perceived organizational support can influence turnover cognitions and behavior through other mechanisms besides improving global affect-loaded work attitudes. Specifically, perceived organizational support can generate obligations in the worker to reciprocate through remaining with the organization. These obligations to stay may cause a worker to have fewer turnover cognitions and dismiss them more quickly. Employees perceptions of organizational and supervisory support and communication influence numerous other attitudes and outcomes apart from withdrawal behaviors and turnover. One of these other outcomes is organizational dedication. This term is lacking a uniform definition, but usually organizational dedication can be defined usually as a psychological link between the worker and his or her organization that makes it less likely that the worker will voluntarily leave the organization (Allen Meyer, 1996). In the earlier literatures (Reichers, 1985) the organization recognizes two dimensions of commitment, one is called attitudinal commitment and the other is called behavioral commitment. The attitudinal commitment focuses on the acceptance of the organization goals and attitudes on the employees and a strong desire to be a part of the team or organization. Thus this employee will be more attached to the organization. the behavioral commitment focuses on the continuing membership and compliance to the company rules. The behavior commitment keeps the employ to be committed to certain course of action rather than the organization itself (Reichers 1985). According to brown(1996) the two concepts of commitment can be merged in to a single one. according to him, Commitment to a particular entity is a distinct phenomenon, albeit a complex one, that may differ depending upon how certain factors, pertinent to all commitments, are perceived and evaluated by an individual (Brown 1996, p.232). It is to be noted that the concept of commitment is the multidimensional construct and the antecedents, correlates and the correlates, and consequences of commitment may vary across these interrelated dimensions. Because of this there are a number of models on this subject. Allan and Mayer (1990) provided a much more familiar construct on the organizational commitment, he mentioned three attitude related topics related to the concept of organizational commitment. These are desire, perceived costs and obligation. Each of these topics corresponds to a component in a three-dimensional model of commitment. The model contains the following components Affective commitment refers to an employees positive emotional attachment to, identification with, and involvement in the organization. The affectively committed individual identifies with the goals of the organization, and desires to remain a part of the organization. Employees with strong affective commitment remain with an organization because they want to, and because they like the organization. Continuance commitment is based on the costs that the employee associates with leaving the organization. An individual thus have strong continuance commitment if they perceive that high economic or social costs would result from losing organizational membership. These employees remain with an organization because they feel that they would not be able to get a better job elsewhere. Normative commitment refers to the employees feelings of obligation to remain with the organization. The normatively committed individual remains with an organization because of feelings of debt, and stay out of a sense of loyalty. (Allen Meyer, 1990). Apart from looking what organizational commitment means as a construct, it is important to discuss what the causes are leading in to it. Eisenberg et al (1986) mentioned that if the company want their employees to be committed then they must give supportive work environment as a means of mutual commitment. This is similar to the Rousseaus statement. He mentioned that in order to strengthen the bond between the employees and employers the employers must reinforce the perception of the employees and the employers should demonstrate the care, support and concern over the employee well being (Rousseau 1998). It is observed in many researches that the existence of a well supported supervision and communication can assist increase the organizational commitment among employees (Gaertner et al 1999). Also it has been found in one of the research is that employee perception of the organizational support have a similar effect; showing a strong positive relationship between the perceived organi zational satisfaction and organizational commitment.(Mayer and Stanley 2002). Rhoades and Eisenberger (2002) noted in a large review of perceived organizational support research that employees with high levels of perceived organizational support were not only reported as being more invested in their organization and demonstrating increased affective organizational commitment; they were also reported to view their jobs more optimistically and to demonstrate increased levels of job satisfaction The field of organizational commitment has been the study subject for many in the last few years. It is analyzed not only as the predictor of outcomes such as turnover, intention to leave, job satisfaction, job involvement, work motivation, absenteeism, and performance (Labatmediene et al., 2007). Earlier research consistently show that individuals highly committed to their organization are less likely to leave it, implying that it is possible for employers to retain employees by increasing levels of organizational commitment. (Tremblay, 2000; Buck Watson, 2002; Vandenberghe Tremblay, 2008). The impact of organizational commitment on turnover intentions is suggested to be stronger among employees in the early years of their careers, while their commitment is still being developed (Sturges Guest, 2001). Regardless of how the employees perceive the organization there are additional aspects about the supervisors and general working situations. Maertz and Griffeth (2004) mentioned different motivational aspects involved in the turnover decisions, including calculative forces which are described below. Rational calculation of the probability of attaining important values and goals in the future through continued membership. Favorable calculation of future value/goal attainment at the current organization motivates staying. Unfavorable calculation of future value/goal attainment motivates quitting. (Maertz Jr. Griffeth, 2004, p. 669) The calculative forces are based on rational self interest. And can be the outcome of the many different types of goals. An individual would like to spend more time with his family or residence (Maertz Jr. Griffeth, 2004). An employees long term and short term goals can lead to the employee turnover. Because of the possibility of such goals, an employees reluctance to stay with his or her employer does not depend only upon the qualities of the employing organization: Situations may exist in which an employee would not wish to remain with his or her employer regardless of any actions taken by said employer. According to Aronsson et al. (2000) locked-in employees remain in an unwanted employment because of situations are outside their control, and emphasize the impact of a weak labor market. This is in accordance with Maertz Jr. and Griffeth (2004) who used the term alternative forces to describe the turnover motivating mechanism that concerns an employees self-efficacy beliefs about alternative jobs or roles. Berntson (2008) found several aspects to be positively conne

Teaching Philosophy Essay -- Teaching Philosophy Education Admissions

Teaching Philosophy My personal teaching philosophy will be based off of my role model teachers growing up. For example, my fourth grade teacher, Ms. Juster, was a woman who I will never forget and whose influence made me chose the profession I am working towards today. Like her, I want to stimulate my students into finding their own strengths and desires so they feel more successful not only in a school environment but also in a larger civil community as well. I want my students to see me as a facilitator of learning, rather than a tyrant who harshly judges. Students learn best when they are comfortable and I will allow them, in fact encourage them, to take risks without judging their creativity. Learning cannot occur without stimulation and some amount of genuine care for a subject. Although probably the most difficult task, I will pay most attention to making my students care about what they are learning. I believe classroom experiences should extend into the students real lives. There are always exterior influences that overpower the importance of education, and I want to show students that they need to realize the benefits an education can give them later in life. In literature, this should come more naturally than other academic subjects because we can learn many great morals and consequences through other people’s stories. I will be enthusiastic and a great entertainer to my students, treating them more like a T.V. audience than a ...

Team Dynamics - Conflict Resolution Strategies Essay -- Conflict Team

Team Dynamics - Conflict Resolution Strategies People work in groups or teams everyday whether in their career, education, political organization, church, or any other social setting. Conflict while working in teams or groups is inevitable. When taking people of different backgrounds, personalities, moral, and ethical beliefs and putting them together in a group, conflict will arise. The key to achieving your team goals is to construct and conquer your goals with keeping the greater good of the team in mind. Conflict as it arises should be combated and abated through swift and thorough resolution techniques. When dealt with properly conflict resolution can give rise to a cohesive and productive team. What Is Conflict? Conflict as defined by Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary is a competitive or opposing action of incompatibles: antagonistic state or action (as of divergent ideas, interest, or persons), Mental struggle resulting from incompatible or opposing needs, drives, wishes, or external or internal demands. Simply put conflict is the disagreement and disharmony that occurs in groups when differences are expressed regarding ideas, methods, and/ or members (Engleberg, Wynn, and Schuttler, 2003). Conflict among teams or groups develops in many ways. In developing an effective team, members will generally experience the five stages of evolution: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning. The storming and norming stages deal with the process of conflict (storming) and resolution (norming). During the storming stage, exact conflict has not yet been identified and therefore chaos, disorganization, and disputes are apparent. The Norming stage is where conflict is identified and deal t with and resolutio... ...tified and dealt with accordingly. References DeJanasz, S. C., Dowd, K. O., & Schneider, B. Z. (2002). Interpersonal Skills in Organizations. New York: McGraw- Hill. pp. 309- 329. DeJanasz, S. C., Dowd, K. O., & Schneider, B. Z. (2002). Interpersonal Skills in Organizations. New York: McGraw- Hill. pp. 371- 393, 241- 259. Engleberg, I., Wynn, D., & Schuttler, R., (2003). Working in Groups: Communication Principles and Strategies (3rd ed.) Boston: Houghton- Mifflin. pp. 146- 170. Kreitner, R., & Kinicki, A., (2004). Organizational Behavior (6th ed.). New York: McGraw- Hill/Irwin. pp. 406- 441. Parker, G., (2003). Cross- Functional Teams: Working with Allies, Enemies, and Other Strangers. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass. pp. 170- 194. Stewart, G., Manz, C., & Sims, H., (1999). Teamwork and Group Dynamics. New York: Wiley. pp. 70- 125. Team Dynamics - Conflict Resolution Strategies Essay -- Conflict Team Team Dynamics - Conflict Resolution Strategies People work in groups or teams everyday whether in their career, education, political organization, church, or any other social setting. Conflict while working in teams or groups is inevitable. When taking people of different backgrounds, personalities, moral, and ethical beliefs and putting them together in a group, conflict will arise. The key to achieving your team goals is to construct and conquer your goals with keeping the greater good of the team in mind. Conflict as it arises should be combated and abated through swift and thorough resolution techniques. When dealt with properly conflict resolution can give rise to a cohesive and productive team. What Is Conflict? Conflict as defined by Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary is a competitive or opposing action of incompatibles: antagonistic state or action (as of divergent ideas, interest, or persons), Mental struggle resulting from incompatible or opposing needs, drives, wishes, or external or internal demands. Simply put conflict is the disagreement and disharmony that occurs in groups when differences are expressed regarding ideas, methods, and/ or members (Engleberg, Wynn, and Schuttler, 2003). Conflict among teams or groups develops in many ways. In developing an effective team, members will generally experience the five stages of evolution: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning. The storming and norming stages deal with the process of conflict (storming) and resolution (norming). During the storming stage, exact conflict has not yet been identified and therefore chaos, disorganization, and disputes are apparent. The Norming stage is where conflict is identified and deal t with and resolutio... ...tified and dealt with accordingly. References DeJanasz, S. C., Dowd, K. O., & Schneider, B. Z. (2002). Interpersonal Skills in Organizations. New York: McGraw- Hill. pp. 309- 329. DeJanasz, S. C., Dowd, K. O., & Schneider, B. Z. (2002). Interpersonal Skills in Organizations. New York: McGraw- Hill. pp. 371- 393, 241- 259. Engleberg, I., Wynn, D., & Schuttler, R., (2003). Working in Groups: Communication Principles and Strategies (3rd ed.) Boston: Houghton- Mifflin. pp. 146- 170. Kreitner, R., & Kinicki, A., (2004). Organizational Behavior (6th ed.). New York: McGraw- Hill/Irwin. pp. 406- 441. Parker, G., (2003). Cross- Functional Teams: Working with Allies, Enemies, and Other Strangers. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass. pp. 170- 194. Stewart, G., Manz, C., & Sims, H., (1999). Teamwork and Group Dynamics. New York: Wiley. pp. 70- 125.

Internet Pornography :: Essays Papers

Since the internet is so easy, accessible and essentially unregulated, it leaves room for many controversies, including electronic commerce, credit card fraud, invasion of privacy and more. One of the most controversial problems is internet pornography. Imagine receiving unwanted e-mail and suddenly get sent nude pictures of people and links which invite you to more of what they have already shown. Think about your son, daughter or even yourself being on a music site and you accidentally click a link and before you now it you are being subjected to hard core pornography. It just became apparent that pornography on the net not only encompasses controversies about pornography itself, but also all the other controversies and problems the internet already has. Sex has always been something which has intrigued people, and that is probably in essence how pornography became to be. As society developed in the 21st Century red-light districts flourished which centralized anything which had to do with sex in one geographic location. As sex and pornography became a more and more pertinent issue, the supreme court ruled in 1976 that cities could use their zoning powers to keep out sex-oriented businesses, and that more or less was the end of red-light districts in America. Nowadays with the Internet coming along as a more widespread medium the issue of pornography resurfaces and along with it, it carries many other disputes. One of the main controversies about pornography on the web is if it should be permitted in first place, since it is morally wrong to some people, and because it allows adolescents to access pornography, both willingly and unwillingly. Since there are no specific laws for the internet, a simple disclaimer is the only barrier between a user and X-rated material, in addition some pornographic sites have addresses which are similar to popular sites, such as www.whitehouse.gov (the real site) and www.whitehouse.com (the porn site), causing people to be lured to their sites through a simple misunderstanding or even a minute typing error. Before one can come to a consensus about what is right, there has to be found a way to enforce any laws, which would be written for the Internet. This aspect is so critical, because otherwise any laws would be in vain.

Clown with Long Nose by Walt Kuhn

â€Å"When art is made new, we are made new with it. We have a sense of solidarity with our own time, and of psychic energies shared and redoubled, which is just about the most satisfying thing that life has to offer. â€Å"If that is possible,† we say to ourselves, â€Å"then everything is possible†; a new phase in the history of human awareness has been opened, just as it was opened up when people first read Dante, or first heard Bach’s 48 preludes and fugues, or first learned Hamlet and King Lear. † (Russell 13) This new art spoken of, the coined â€Å"secret revolution† that was a part of the new phase opened up, was modern art. This revolutionary form began shortly before 1914 (Russell 126) and is still present today. It was during this time period that artist Walt Kuhn gained great popularity and his work Clown With Long Nose was painted. It is important, before looking at the painting, to first understand the purpose and direction modern art usually has. â€Å"The entire gamut of modern art can be viewed from the vantage point of the artist’s attitude towards the object, an examination which should throw some light on the larger problem of how the modern artist chooses to interweave art and reality and, ultimately, of what constitutes reality for him (Johnson 11). A major part of interpreting modern art lies within determining that reality. Viewers search for their own meaning in the painting since the simplicity of most modern works leaves much room for imagination. When the modernism phase of artwork began it was not exactly obvious to the public, but over time there â€Å"came about a general awareness that there was such thing as a modern sensibility, and that that sensibility had the key to modern life (Russell 126)†. It was thought that if one was modern they had to easily be able to notice changes of life and be accommodating of â€Å"the unconscious and the irrational† side of humans (Russell 126). These aspects will later influence the works of Walt Kuhn in his various oil paintings of the time. Born in Brooklyn, New York, a cultural mecca for all things up and coming, in the year 1877, Walt Kuhn began making a living out his craft at a young age (â€Å"American Modernist†). He sold his first painting when he was only 15 to a small magazine, and quickly chose the career path of an artist. Though he â€Å"did not emerge as a mature painter until he was fifty years old (Wall plaque)†, Kuhn ‘s cartoonist and set designer background helped him turn his â€Å"multi-faceted interests† into a lifestyle. â€Å"After he began cartooning professionally inn1899, Kuhn decided to acquire art training and traveled to Paris to study at the Academie Colarossi (Wall plaque). † He was a big fan of modernism, and so, despite his traditional tendencies, the form randomly showed itself in his own work. He found is theme in the mid- twenties when he began to paint large canvases featuring single figures, usually circus performers or clowns. (Wall plaque). † The figures may have represented a counterculture of the flamboyant, flapper time period of the twenties, or possibly, they could depict some part of Kuhn that maybe felt like an outcast or somewhat of an oddity in society. It is not really known but generally his pictures were â€Å"depicted with solem n demeanor (Wall plaque)† and not all that pleasant to look at. Contradictory to Kuhn’s norm however, â€Å"Clown With Long Nose has an unusually animated expression, addressing the viewer with a look of clever self-satisfaction ad mischievous delight (Wall plaque)†. This work is a very good representation of the artist in that it stays true to his circus character subject, and like cartoons, the painting plays on the hope that people’s sense of humor will appreciate it as a new way to think about and look at art. The reason it can be considered a modern work of art is the ability it gives its viewers to interpret. Unlike the preceding realist period, this work leaves the viewer room to wonder. Questions like â€Å"What is the clown smirking at? † and â€Å"What is he staring out? † can all be pondered while looking at the painting. It aesthetically pleasing enough and has just enough quirks to it to make this painting one to remember and a good example of what some twentieth century art looks like. Through his education and appreciation for the art of which he lived in, Walt Kuhn was able to create not a masterpiece, but a story with his Clown With Long Nose painting. It may not be the most serious or useful peace of artwork from the time period, and it more than likely does not have some deep message or meaning hidden behind its brush strokes; however, the 1936 painting is fun to look at. A viewer is able to look at it for what it is and determine his or her own personal value for the work. It is a good addition to the modernism period and to the Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts.

Corporate Communication Problems & Solutions Essay

The definition of communication in language dictionaries have not changed much with time, however the tools, means and mediums used by a normal person have rapidly evolved. Spoken words combined with body language perhaps were the first means of communication used by mankind, but in today’s digital world the same has translated into written text supported with emotion icons and colorful pictures or videos, thanks to the internet. Furthermore, with the easy access to social media tools such as Facebook and Twitter; people are now having the power of mass communication at their fingertips making them able to share a message with thousands of people at no time, absolutely without any efforts. From the above general introduction, it can be realised that we live in an over communicated world with tons of irrelevant messages floating around diverting our focus and attention to areas that may not have any importance to us. The challenge may not be noticed in the personal life but is surely a trouble when it comes to corporate environment. â€Å"Time is money. † (Franklin), this was a statement once said by a famous politician who lived back in the 18th century, but it still is very much valid today and defiantly maybe much more expensive than Franklin himself thought it would be. Every business exists to make profit by doubling, tripling or quadrupling their dollars and one of the main earing keys is keeping the firm’s cost under control hence fully utilising employees’ time and ensuring the highest levels of efficiency. The above may not be the right message a business owner would wish to deliver to his employees, but would defiantly want to implement an effective and productive work environment where every employee knows, understands and lives the firm’s strategy and mission statement. This is only achieved when a proper commination channel is in place within an organization which many companies in the corporate world strive to have or implement. Communication problems in corporates are many, but to start with I will refer to a statement by a famous Irish dramatist who lived is the last century: â€Å"The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place. † (Shaw) The above statement enlightens us to a major communication problem where the initiator simply thinks that his message is delivered, understood or even auctioned by the recipients which could lead to issues no one have anticipated. Such illusions could be turned into reality simply if the initiator is making sure to request an acknowledgment from the receiver. On the other side, as identified by Arnold Anderson, language barriers can sometime occur in a multinational environment which may become another communication problem. Although a diverse workplace has several benefits for the business, such as verity to of solutions to company issues and insight to international markets, but considering that organization is made of people from different countries, cultures and ethics will add up to the language barrier and slow communication or create miss understanding that will eventually make communication ineffective. In such cases, the best solution is to assure that an official business language i. . English, is fluently spoken by all employees and a cultural training and communication policy is taught to new joiners of the organization. Furthermore, with the born of the digital environment, most –if not all- work related documents and communications are now e-mail based which has many benefits such as documenting every conversation, easiness to contact any person, no distance barrier and instant, however â€Å"Every Rose Has Its Thorn†. (Poison, 1988) One of the biggest challenges that came to exist with e-mail communication is the habit of avoiding face-to-face talks. Many employees are used to get stuck to their seats for 8 hours a day and all they do is send mails back and forth. This causes huge lack of collaboration between different units and people resulting to lack of teamwork hence lower productivity in the organisation. This problem may grow from a few people’s habits to a general organisation culture issue thus it has to be addressed intensely. There is no quick solution to such issue, but one of good initiatives I saw in our company was Face-Mail day. This people department in our company started to encourage all employees to use face mail instead of e-mails every Wednesday. The initiative was very much appreciated by employees and did show positive results as time passed by. In conclusion, the corporate environment will always have communication problems even if all employees were replaced by robots; however, the organisation should always set its priority to keep effects of this issue as low as possible by implanting a communication policy, encouraging face mail, assuring that hired employees are fluent in business language and by continuing communicating the objective of the company and its long-term strategy.

The Middle Passage: Hell on Earth

The Middle Passage: Hell on earth Olaudah Equiano’s The Middle Passage is a chilling look into the infamous Middle Passage, a harrowing journey across the Atlantic made by captured African slaves. The Middle Passage is told from Equiano’s own perspective of being captured, allowing the reader to more fully grasp the torturous emotions and tribulations involved in being ripped from your home and shipped a world away.Through the Middle Passage, historians are able to view one of the most gruesome aspects of the journey to slavery from a first person perspective, examining the interactions between many cultures and the impressions each had of one another. The Middle Passage begins with Equiano’s sight and subsequent boarding of the ship that will take him across the Atlantic. It is obvious from the very beginning of his description that this is either his first or one of his first experiences with white people, describing them as â€Å"bad spirits† and believ ing â€Å"they were going to kill me. Fear is the first emotion Olaudah feels, and rightly so: The journey of 1-6 months had a 15% mortality rate, higher for africans during the process of capture and containment. (Wiki) In the subsequent paragraphs, fear turns into hopelessness, as Equiano begins to assess his situation and realizing he was â€Å"deprived of all chance of returning to my native country† As his journey progresses, the true horrors of the trip unfold.The disease and stench of the proximity with which the slaves are held make up arguably the worst of the trauma; many throw up, no doubt adding to the disgust. Historians here get interesting insight into the psyche of the crew: instead of leaving the slaves to die down below, they show vested interest in their cargo, allowing the sickest or most at danger of dying to be brought to the deck of the ship in order to survive. No doubt this seeming empathy was targeted at ensuring survival and thus profit margin rath er than compassion.Multiple captured slaves commit suicide, preferring death over their grotesque conditions, a sickening allusion to how terrible the ship must have been. Upon reaching land the slaves are rounded up and finally given an explanation by other slaves that they will not be eaten, a fear that evidently persisted throughout the journey. They are then rounded up as cattle to be bought by land owners and merchants, a process similar to the reports of slave selling in 19th century America.Equiano’s journey finally over, he remarks on the fact he will most likely never see anyone from that journey again, as he is now alone in a foreign world where he neither speaks the language nor has knowledge of any culture of customs. The Middle Passage tells a tale of suffering, calamity and filth. The insight historians glean from the tale no doubt confirms what is already known of the slave trade: that it is a torturous, inhumane institution who’s end could not have came soon enough.

Body of Speech

About it: This speech can be delivered by any anchor or host, who is member of any NGO/social organization to start a program being organized to spread awareness regarding importance of blood donation in today's life. Body of Speech It's an honor itself to honor this beautiful audience who gather here for the cause of humanity. We wish a very warm welcome to all of you and a heartily congratulations be a part of this social event. I assure you that this event will definitely results in positive directions and will help in saving someone's life in future.This program is being organized to spread the awareness for blood donation & its importance in today's life. As we all know that blood is a base of every human life and there is no life without blood, this makes its value priceless. Blood donation is a great example of altruism in action. The most important thing about donating a blood is that it should be a voluntary donation therefore we have organized this event. Ask few question f rom yourself.. Have you ever visited Hospitals? Have you ever saw any major accident case? Have you ever saw any patient suffering from a major disease in which blood is required to save his/her life. If your answer is YES then think about their lives! Their lives can be saved by just donating our blood. If you look at the statistics of population of a country and the number of road accidents and other major disease in which a patient is urgently required blood, then you will realize how important donating blood is. As the demand and supply is already differs a lot, therefore this gap can be filled by an active participating in Voluntary Blood Donation programs. Can you assume the extent of happiness of victims or patients family after saving his life? It is the real feeling of heart that occurs in their wishes.Many of us have myths about donating blood. Some People says it affect our health and makes us weak. Some people avoid it for their traditional and religious thoughts. And so me people even say that it against their cast and religion. So my dear friends, we would like to clear your doubts regarding all these myths that these myths and thoughts have no meaning. The color of blood is only one that is RED; it has no religion, no cast. The donating of blood is totally safe and has no effect upon the health of one's, though the time gap and other measure of safety and quality must be taken into effect before donating the blood.The organization collecting the blood will ensure all these factors itself before collecting the blood. We usually see many articles on the internet, and books and even there are many awareness campaigns happens in schools and colleges, just like this event we are organizing here. We all must have to give our best to contribute and make other people aware about it. At the end we would like to say that we have a team of doctors to clear all your doubts and queries regarding it. And other useful stuffs to help saving someone's life. Thank s and Regards. Sachin Kumar Do well, Get well, Be well.

Outline and essay of Thomas Jefferson Essay

Thomas Jefferson I. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1836) II. A. Education- Was sent to Dover, Virginia, where he studied Latin with Reverend William Douglas until 1757. He was then sent to the school of the Reverend James Maury at Hanover, Virginia, and spent two years studying Greek and Latin classics, history, literature, geography, and natural science. In March 1760 Jefferson entered the College of William and Mary. B. Occupational Background- 1767- Jefferson admitted to the practice of law and became a successful lawyer. Also supervised the Shadwell Plantation. Was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses. Took an active part in events that lead to the American Revolution. 1776- Jefferson took his seat in Congress as an elected delegate and wrote the Declaration of Independence. Served as Secretary of State under Washington and Vice president under Madison. III. Served two terms (1800-1808) IV. Key issues prominent in Election- federal government vs. state’s rights, westward expansion of the nation, Native Americans, the freedom of lower class white men. V. Opponents A. First Election (1800)- Aaron Burr (Democratic-Republican), John Adams (Federalist), Charles C. Pinckney (Federalist), John Jay (Federalist) B. Second Election (1804)- Charles C. Pinckney (Federalist) VI. Vice President A. 1st term vice- Aaron Burr B. 2nd term vice- George Clinton VII. Political Party of Jefferson- Democratic-Republican VIII. Domestic Happenings A. Louisiana Purchase (1803)- The Louisiana Territory was purchased for 15 million dollars from France. Doubled the size of U.S. secured navigation rights on the Mississippi River. Authorized purchase without making amendment, exercised the president’s implied powers to protect the nation. B. 12th Amendment (1804)- Citizens are to vote for President and Vice President separately. Prevented future electoral crises. C. Non-Importation Act (1807)- prohibited importation from Great Britain of cloth and metal articles. D. Embargo Act (1807)- Stopped shipments of food and other American products to foreign ports. Many were thrown out of work because of it. Was created to maintain U.S. neutrality. Created as a short-term measure to prevent confrontation between American merchant vessels and British and French warships and to put pressure on France and England. E. Non- Intercourse Act (1809)- passed by Jefferson in his last days of office. Reopened trade with all nations except Britain and France, and authorized the president to resume trade with Britain or France if either of them ceased to violate neutral rights. IX. Foreign Policy Decisions- Stated under domestic happenings. X. Major Conflict of Administration- A. Tripoli War (1801-05)- A conflict between the United States and Tripoli, incited by American refusal to continue payment of tribute to the piratical rulers of the North African Barbary States of Algiers, Tunis, Morocco, and Tripoli. Involved North Africa, was extension of fight about protection from pirates in Barbary States. B. Marbury v. Madison (1803)- Supreme Court of the United States established its authority to review and invalidate government actions that conflict with the Constitution of the United States. First time that the Supreme Court declared an act of Congress to be unconstitutional. Established Judicial Review. C. Burr Hamilton Duel (1804)- Hamilton publicly criticized Burr, Burr demanded for an apology and a duel resulted. Hamilton was fatally wounded. D. Republicans attack the federalist judiciary (1804)- Republicans were making every effort to remove federalist judges from power. The house was unable to impeach Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase. Preserved the Court’s independence and established the precedent that criminal actions were the only grounds for impeachment. E. The Chesapeake Incident (1807)- British ship fired upon American ship that refused to be searched for deserters. Three Americans were killed, and eighteen wounded British seized four deserters, three were American citizens. Exposed American military weakness and increased the impact of impressments on the public. Would be the cause of Embargo Act. XI. Major Social Changes- A. People’s involvement in Politics increased. 90 percent of eligible voters cast ballots between 1804 and 1816. Political barbeques states, and new style of campaigning evolved. B. Slave revolutionist ideas began. C. American Art began to take shape. 1. Rembrandt Peale was one of most famous of first American artists. Was famous for his portraits of American presidents. XII. Major Inventions and Technological Advancements A. Robert Fulton’s invention the Steamboat, Clermont(1807) makes its debut XIII. Thomas Jefferson was a fairly good president and receives an overall rating of 6.5. His decisions and ideas were sometimes wise and sometimes foolish. Jefferson’s main goals were to restore government to its limited role, to extend the Republican’s power in the federal government, to establish republican virtues such as independence, self-reliance, and equality, and to reduce the National debt as much as possible. He also wanted to expand the nation and make it as powerful as possible. Like the presidents before him, he also wanted to maintain neutrality, undisturbed commerce, and no entangling alliances. Adams accomplished some of these goals. Initially, the national debt was decreased. Congress repealed all internal taxes, including the Whiskey Tax. Jefferson also declined to use the Alien and Sedition Acts against his opponents, and congress allowed both acts to expire. The Naturalization Act was also replaced with a much less severe one. He refused to recognize any of the appointments Adams made in the last days of his presidency, and awarded vacant treasury and judicial offices to republicans. He succeeded in his goal and got rid of the old Federalist programs he didn’t like. As for expansion, the purchase of the Louisiana Territory allowed Jefferson to achieve exactly what he had dreamed of. It also prevented war with France, over the Mississippi River. Accomplishing this goal however, contradicted his goal of eliminating the National debt and strictly abiding by the Constitution. Jefferson’s cabinet included Aaron Burr (1801) and George Clinton (1805-1809) as Vice president, James Madison as Secretary of State (1801-1809), Secretary of the Treasury Samuel Dexter (1801) and Albert Gallatin (1801-1809), Secretary of War Henry Dearborn (1801-1809), and Secretary of Navy Robert Smith(1801-1809). Albert Gallatin was one of Jefferson’s best  appointments. Gallatin worked to help achieve Jefferson’s goals in National budget. He cut the army budget in half and reduced the 1802 Navy budget by two-thirds. Gallatin moved to reduce the national debt from 83 million to 57 million. Robert Smith also had a significant influence. He oversaw the Navy that blockaded Tripoli to win the Tripoli war and also forced the Algiers and Tunis to renounce attacks against Americans. The president chose his cabinet because he believed they were the most qualified and wanted to achieve the same things he did. This was true for the most part, and his cabinet was on hi s side. The president and congress got along very well. The Republicans were in majority throughout his presidency so Jefferson had no problems with congress. When Jefferson declined using the Alien and Sedition Acts congress let them expire. Congress repealed the Naturalization Act, and created a new one that required less for citizenship. Congress also repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801, so Jefferson could appoint a Supreme Court member. Jefferson controlled congress through his leadership of the Republican Party. It was firmly on Jefferson’s side and did everything it could to further the republican interest. Jefferson had to deal with domestic and foreign crises. The nations had built up a large debt, which could be called a crisis. Jefferson wanted to reduce the debt as much as possible. At first, he did do this by cutting funding. But with the purchase of the Louisiana Territory the debt only increased. In the seas, Jefferson was faced with a number of problems. Britain was practicing impressments. Senate passed the non-importation act but he suspended it in hopes of a negotiation settlement. Negotiations were unsuccessful so nothing changed. At the time the impressments of sailors wasn’t considered a crisis, but the Chesapeake affair made everyone aware. In reaction, Jefferson did not declare war, because he knew Britain had a superior Navy. Instead, he closed American waters to the British, and issued the Non-importation and Embargo Act. War may have been avoided, but by closing all American ports Jefferson created his own new crises. Smuggling resulted and the American econom y plummeted. By issuing the Embargo Act, he hurt his own nation more then his intended targets, Great Britain and  France. Resentment was also created throughout New England, and talk of succession started. To deal with this crisis he created, Jefferson issued the Non-Intercourse Act. The new Act solved the problems created by the embargo, but didn’t prevent any of the same problems that prompted it. The issuing of these acts was by far the president’s greatest failure. Although it was a failure, some good did come out of it. America’s industries grew. Forbidden to trade, Americans had to make their own products. The Embargo precipitated the Industrial Revolution. For Jefferson, the crises he dealt with are ones he’d rather forget. A minor crisis which Jefferson had to deal with was Aaron Burr’s conspiracy, the details of which are still unknown, either to establish an independent republic in the Louisiana Territory or to launch an invasion of Spanish-held Mexico. Jefferson acted swiftly to arrest Burr early in 1807 and brought him to trial for treason. Jefferson is not known as a good president for how he dealt with crises, it is the opposite. As for his accomplishments, the Louisiana Purchase was his greatest success. The territory was vast and benefited the nation in many ways. Not only was war avoided, but a mass amount of land was acquired. Navigation on the Mississippi River was also gained, which was extremely important for trade. This accomplishment was perhaps one of the greatest of any president and administration in American History. Thomas Jefferson was greatly respected by the people of his day. He was well known as a revolutionary leader and as the author of the Declaration of Independence. He was also known and respected as the governor of Virginia. He truly served the people, and was the first president to lead a political party. Jefferson was a leader, and everyone who knew of him saw him as one. Jefferson was frugal, simple, and fickle. From the beginning, Jefferson made it clear that he wanted to represent the average American, unlike the other presidents before him, he dressed plainly, even at his inauguration. He was frugal in that he cut spending as much as possible, internal taxes were reduced and the military budget was cut, with the exception of the Louisiana Purchase. He was fickle in that he did not hesitate in buying the Louisiana Territory, using Federal power. Jefferson was known to believe in strict interpretation of the Constitution and it did not state that the president  had the authority to acquire new territory and integrate it into the nation. The president and his administration influenced decisions made by future administrations. Jefferson’s decision to exercise the implied powers the president has to protect the nation set a precedent for future presidents. Many things Jefferson and his administration did also affected the lives of future generations. The purchase of the Louisiana territory would create a whole new group of people, called frontiersman. People would settle into the area and live new lives. Purchasing the territory, although causing further debt, was the best thing for the country. It would end up being an excellent investment. Jefferson’s embargo act, also had a dramatic affect on the future. He did not know at the time, but the embargo Act would enhance America’s industries, and start a whole new trend. When the president made his decisions they were thought through, although not always good ones. The decisions Jefferson made in foreign affairs were mostly correct, because the nation was not ready for war and to stay neutral was the best thing. But Jefferson should have avoided war by using methods other than economic pressure. Jefferson was fairly-open minded and would listen to others. It’s hard to say precisely how open-minded he was, because his cabinet and congress agreed with him on just about everything. Overall, Thomas Jefferson was a good president. Although his results were far from perfect at times, his intentions were good.